Sonora.ID - Materi bahasa Inggris kali ini kita akan membahas mengenai salah satu jenis teks, yakni discussion text atau teks diskusi.

Melansir dari buku Rangkuman Bahasa Inggris SMA, discussion text merupakan salah satu jenis teks yang menjabarkan wacana problematik dengan pembahasan pro dan kontra atau keuntungan dan kerugian (Elang, 2010:33).

Pembahasan yang dibahas biasanya dibahas dari beberapa sudut pandang biasanya dua sudut pandang yang berbeda.

Teks ini pun memiliki tujuan, yaitu mendiskusikan  suatu topik dari dua sudut pandang yang berbeda atau memaparkan suatu informasi maupun pendapat mengenai suatu isu.

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Struktur

Sebuah teks diskusi biasanya terdiri atas beberapa bagian di antaranya sebagai berikut.

• Statement of issue: menjelaskan isu atau intisari topik yang dibahas.

• List of supporting points: poin-poin pendukung topik yang dibahas.

• List of contrastive points: poin-poin yang menentang dengan topik yang dibahas.

• Recommendation: rekomendasi dari penulis terkait topik yang dibahas.

Ciri Kebahasaan

Sementara itu, dari segi kebahasaannya secara umum discussion text memiliki ciri seperti yang dijelaskan di bawah ini.

• Menggunakan general nouns untuk menyatakan kategori, misalnya, uniforms, alcohol.
• Menggunakan relating verbs untuk memberikan informasi tentang isu yang dibahas, misalnya, smoking is harmful.
• Menggunakan thinking verbs untuk mengungkapkan pandangan pribadi, misalnya, feel, believe, hope.
• Menggunakan additives, contrastives, causal connectives untuk menghubungkan argumen, misalnya, similarly, on the hand, however.
• Menggunakan detailed noun groups untuk memberikan informasi secara padu, misalnya, the dumbing of unwanted kittens.
• Menggunakan modals, contohnya, perhaps, must, should, should have been, could be.
• Menggunakan adverbials of manner, misalnya, deliberately, hopefully.

Sebagai tambahan informasi, teks diskusi ini berbeda dengan teks eksposisi.

Perbedaan tersebut terletak pada segi pandangan yang digunakan oleh kedua teks tersebut.

Pada teks eksposisi penulis hanya menjabarkan satu pandangan mengenai topik yang dibahas, sedangkan pada teks diskusi sedikitnya ada dua pandangan.

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Contoh Discussion Text

Homework

I have been wondering if homework is necessary.

I think we should have homework because it helps us to learn and revise our work.

Homework helps people who aren't very smart to remember what they have learned.

But, sometimes doing homework is not a great idea. Sometimes I think we should not have because I like to go out after school to restaurant or to the movies for refreshments.

Sometimes homework is not important. We can use time for play or discuss with family.

The Advantage and Disadvantage of Nuclear Power

Nuclear Power is generated by using uranium which is a metal mined in various part of the world. The first large scale of nuclear power station was opened at Calder Hall in Cumbria, England in 1956.

Some military ships and submarines have nuclear power plants as their engine.

Nuclear power produces around 11% of the world's energy needs.

It causes no pollution as we get when burning fossil fuels. The advantages of nuclear plant are as follow: It cost about the same with coal, so it's not expensive to make; It doesn't produce smoke or carbon dioxide, so it doesn't contribute to the greenhouse effect; It produces huge amounts of energy from small amount of uranium; It produce small amount of waste, and it's reliable.

On the other hand, nuclear power is very dangerous. It must be sealed up and buried for many years to allow the radioactivity to die away.

Furthermore, although it is reliable, a lot of money has to spent on safety because if it does go wrong, a major nuclear accident may happen.

People are increasing concerned about this matter. In the 1990's nuclear power was the fastest growing source of power in many parts of the world.

Pros and Cons of School Uniform

School uniforms are being adopted by US public schools in increasing numbers. Almost one in five US public schools required students to wear uniforms during thelast years.

Proponents say that school uniforms make schools safer for students, create a “level playing field” that reduces socioeconomic disparities, and encourage children to focus on their studies rather than their clothes.

Opponents say school uniforms infringe upon students’ right to express their individuality, have no positive effect on behavior and academic achievement, and emphasize the socioeconomic disparities they are intended to disguise.

Pros and Cons of Abortion

Has abortion become a modern life casualty? There may be many “yes” and equal number of “no”, voicing their opinion over this, thus strengthening the arguments revolving around this issue.

Sometimes life can be really harsh on us. There are times when abortion may appear as the only option for the betterment. Although a mother may have a hard time opting for this option, she may eventually consider this soul-killing decision, keeping in mind all the pros and cons of this decision.

By all accounts, abortion appears like an awful crime. After all, abortion implies denying someone a well-deserved life. Just because the odds are not in our favor, can we deprive someone the chance to live?

In fact, abortion has always been a heated subject amongst the masses as people have their own school of thoughts regarding it.

The Pros and Cons of Offline School in the Midst of a Pandemic 

The Covid-19 pandemic affects many aspects of our lives, including school. Schools are held online at students’ respective home. However, there is a discourse that schools will be reopened in July 2020 or January 2021. 

Many parents are worried their children will have to return to school in the near future. It is because some local governments have included plans for reopening schools in the new normal policy. For example, Central Java Education and Culture Office will enforce the implementation of the new normal in its region starting July 2020. 

Some options emerge such as imposing a shifting system, limiting the number of students, and implementing existing health protocols. 

On the other hand, epidemiologist dr. Dicky Budiman advises not to open the school until the situation gets better. He says that schools reopening is risky, and it probably rises to the second wave of the coronavirus. The students can go back to schools only if the preparation is done and screening process is fulfilled. Furthermore, if the screening process is not fulfilled, schools reopening is not recommended for it is dangerous. 

In the end, Offline School can only be done if the situation in our country gets better, or zero case. Since the case is still rising these days, online school is the best option to avoid the new cluster.

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Pros and Cons of Vaccines for Children

The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommends getting 28 doses of 10 vaccines for kids aged 0 to six. No US federal laws mandate vaccination, but all 50 states require certain vaccinations for children entering public schools. Most states offer medical and religious exemptions; and some states allow philosophical exemptions.

Proponents say that vaccination is safe and one of the greatest health developments of the 20th century. They point out that illnesses, including rubella, diphtheria, smallpox, polio, and whooping cough, are now prevented by vaccination and millions of children’s lives are saved. They contend adverse reactions to vaccines are extremely rare.

Opponents say that children’s immune systems can deal with most infections naturally, and that injecting questionable vaccine ingredients into a child may cause side effects, including seizures, paralysis, and death. They contend that numerous studies prove that vaccines may trigger problems like autism, ADHD, and diabetes.

Pros and Cons of Violent Video Games

As many as 97% of US kids age 12-17 play video games, contributing to the $21.53 billion domestic video game industry. More than half of the 50 top-selling video games contain violence.

Violent video games have been blamed for school shootings, increases in bullying, and violence towards women. Critics argue that these games desensitize players to violence, reward players for simulating violence, and teach children that violence is an acceptable way to resolve conflicts.

Video game advocates contend that a majority of the research on the topic is deeply flawed and that no causal relationship has been found between video games and social violence. They argue that violent video games may provide a safe outlet for aggressive and angry feelings and may reduce crime.

The debate over violent video games can be traced back to the 1976 release of the game Death Race.  The object of the game was to run over screaming “gremlins” with a car, at which point they would turn into tombstones. Controversy erupted because the “gremlins” resembled stick-figure humans, and it was reported that the working title of the game was Pedestrian. After protestors dragged Death Race machines out of arcades and burned them in parking lots, production of the game ceased.

Pros and Cons of Facebook

Facebook is such an interesting platform on which to watch the lives of others unfold. By using facebook, people stick it all out there.  There are a number of things I’ve observed about what I see and read on Facebook. However there are about the pros and cons.

One thing that people like using facebook because it is  helpful in documenting life. In an age where there’s not always time to keep a private journal, take photos, develop them and put them in a scrapbook, Facebook is a wonderful way of keeping a log of all the good things that happen in your life.

However using Facebook is sometime wasting of time. How easy it is to get sucked into what’s happening on your news feed, reading  statuses or most times looking at endless photos of the lives of others. There have been many times that Facebook has distracted us.

Last thing we should  say that Facebook is only a medium. It is the mater of who and how to use it.

Television Effects

Television has become a part of our life. In our daily life we ​​often watch television. We usually watch television after work, when we gather with family, even when we are working. As part of our lives, television has both good and bad effects. Pongid has a different principle opinion about the positive and negative effects of watching TV. 

These bad effects include TV making us less mobile because we spend a long time watching TV. They also say that TV affects everyday life. Sometimes we don’t realize that we are snacking more often while watching TV. TV also influences the way children act. Rude and violence can come from television shows that are less educational. 

However, other opinions also say that television has a good impact. We can get a lot of information. From TV we can know various situations that occur in other cities. TV also makes us more relaxed. After working all day, We come home and turn on the TV to watch funny and comedy videos.

Pros and Cons of Using Animals for Testing

There are many pros and cons to the practice of animal testing. Unfortunately, neither seem to fully tip the scale to a side that pleases everyone – including the general public, government and scientists.

The major pro for animal testing is that it aids researchers in finding drugs and treatments to improve health and medicine. Many medical treatments have been made possible by animal testing, including cancer and HIV drugs, insulin, antibiotics, vaccines and many more.

On the other hand, In animal testing, countless animals are experimented on and then killed after their use. Others are injured and will still live the remainder of their lives in captivity.

While there are numerous pros and cons of animal testing, the ethical aspect overshadows both of them, which means that emotion may be the ultimate determining factor in whether a person believes the benefits of animal testing outweigh the problems associated with the practice.

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